Sociology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human science - Assignment Example By the by, it is maybe evident that essential issues produce correspondingly fundamental difficulties, including criminology. The realities on wrongdoing continue to try existing hypotheses. As expressed by Birkbeck and Lafree (1993), this is especially the situation for speculations that have established their suspicions on the common heredity of set up sociological information. Everybody imagines that neediness is the base of criminal conduct it shows up, and this is on the grounds that the realities exhibit it (Ruggiero et al. 1998); notwithstanding of the development in crime percentages during phases of financial turn of events, spates of brutality in prosperous countries, for example, the United Kingdom, the insecure relationship of degenerate conduct with social class realist hypothesis remains clearly deficient (Ruggiero et al. 1998). Notwithstanding, it isn't just realist hypothesis that misses the mark. Larger part of criminological hypothesis is stale and hampered by an ac centuation on as far as anyone knows unbending elucidating classifications, therefore neglecting to assess the systems and procedures bringing about criminal conduct (Taylor, Walton and Young 1988). The significant part of wrongdoing that we don't know about, essentially, includes its causal social elements. For example, the horror rates among various social gatherings, for example, African Americans, have been noted (Carrabine et al. 2004). A principle issue much of the time raised by criminologists, sociologists, and different researchers is the impact of the reaction of the criminal equity framework on the distinctions in crime percentages among various social gatherings (Cree 2000). Various sociologists recommend that segregation in the criminal equity framework serve just a little capacity in the horror pace of social gatherings (Cree 2000). Others contend that bigotry and bias contributes essentially to the lopsided investment of social gatherings, especially the lower class, in the criminal equity framework (Flowers 1990). The issue of differential law authorization frequently starts with the police, ordinarily the cutting edge of the arrangement of criminal equity social gathering individuals come into contact with (Jackson 1989). Thus, it is now that the idea of such interest and its belongings is generally imperative to the person of negligible position. This paper will talk about the meanings of wrongdoing and aberrance given by various sociological scholars, especially Durkheim, Merton, Marx, and interactionist and subcultural scholars. Exploration proof and sociological speculations relating to the supposition that distinctions in crime percentages between social gatherings are the consequence of the manners by which the criminal equity framework works will be talked about. Sociological Definitions of Crime and Deviance The ideas of wrongdoing and aberrance are basically sociological. They are socially developed. In any case, despite the fact that there is a lot of understanding, what is considered as wrongdoing and aberrance varies across individuals, spot, and time (Ruggiero et al. 1998). For Emile Durkheim, wrongdoing is a ‘social fact’, or, as it were, ‘normal’ (Carrabine et al. 2004). Essentially, as indicated by Durkheim, wrongdoing is an all inclusive wonder. It occurred in a wide range of society, and in every single recorded period (Carrabine et al. 2004). There was no sign that it was crumbling (Flowers 1990). It ought to subsequently be perceived as a typical element of society which could

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Globalization - Essay Example Because of globalization, ‘unhealthy’ nourishments have been advanced in various parts thus reassuring individuals to devour ‘trendy’ nourishments. In such manner, I endured weight in the wake of expending quick nourishments for quite a while. Then again, there are three most significant worldwide issues confronting the world as of now. Right off the bat, numerous nations on the planet are confronting extreme financial occasions because of worldwide expansion. On this premise, there are nations named third world due to low monetary status while those of high financial status are alluded to as first world. Also, the world has expanding endured social issues related with globalization. For instance, because of free development and improved innovation, instances of fear based oppression have expanded in various nations. In conclusion another major worldwide issue on the planet is the spread of ailments named universal fiascos. For example, infections such malignant growth and HIV have made governments to went through a great deal of cash in examination and acquisition of

Increase Petrol Price Free Essays

Terrible traffic and expanding contamination are prickly issues testing each significant city in the globe. To battle such issues, government urges organizations to increase gas cost with an end goal to diminish vehicle use and chop down waste gas. Anyway it might incidentally lighten the issue, however is dubiously the ideal arrangement. We will compose a custom exposition test on Increment Petrol Price or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now As a matter of first importance, customers and economy would be misled by such measures. The quantity of vehicles in a nation straightforwardly relies upon the extent of the populace sufficiently princely to claim vehicles. Thus, brings up in gas cost could summon hard sentiments among this section of individuals yet would not definitely change their conduct in utilizing vehicles. Regardless of whether the quantity of vehicles on street is decreased because of higher gas cost, this isn't the most ideal approach to tackle traffic issues. Such strategy would hurt the automobile business, place greater expenses on current and prospect vehicle proprietors, and subvert the economy of a country. Over the long haul, the last way out could be the development of better streets and progressively compelling utilization of accessible vehicle offices. Besides, there is proof that waste gas from vehicles isn't the main source of air contamination. The offender might be the release of contaminating substances into the climate because of the quickly developing assembling industry. Therefore, decrease of the quantity of vehicles would not return us a blue sky and natural air. We could more readily deal with this issue in the event that we could build authority over mechanical waste release and embrace progressively ecological benevolent materials and creation hardware. At last, different estimates like the utilization of less expensive and cleaner vitality assets could likewise be a superior arrangement. For instance, we currently can make cell-fueled or even sun based controlled vehicles. Such vitality is totally spotless and ample. Anyway we despite everything have an exceptionally long approach to transform such innovatively conceivable into manage the cost of capable and pragmatic items. To close, it isn't the most ideal approach to control traffic and contamination by expanding gas value in light of the fact that such activity will hurt shoppers and economy without accomplishing what it is focused on. Measures, for example, development of better vehicle offices and advancement of new vitality assets could be increasingly viable arrangements. Step by step instructions to refer to Increase Petrol Price, Essay models

Everglades national park free essay sample

National Park extends more than 1. illion sections of land and is the biggest wild in the Southeast. Wetlands and bogs spread portion of the land which contains 10,000 islands! The Everglades, called the River of Grass in light of the fact that the region is to a great extent a waterway at times 60 miles wide, isn't a bog or marsh. In the previous hundred years, individuals have been diving channels and building dams in the Everglades so they could remove water from it. They fabricated such a significant number of waterways and depleted so much water that the regular stream is interfered. Acadia National Park Acadia National Park was built up in 1919 by President Wilson, initially called as Lafayette National Park. Acadia National Park is situated on Mount Desert and covers half of the island. This park is the principal park east of the Mississippi waterway. 120 miles in Acadia National Park are climbing and biking trails, angling, rock climbing, and sailing. The most noteworthy mountain in it is the Cadillac Mountain and the briefest is the Flying Mountain. We will compose a custom exposition test on Everglades national park or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Jordans Pond is the most profound lake at 150 feet down. Acadia National Park is the tenth most visited National Park. A National Park is a recreation center the administration assumes up the liability of. National Parks are worked to safeguard land and teach individuals on nature.

Operation Management of HP and First Focus-Free-Sample for Students

Question: Take two Australian Companies one will be administration give and other will be item based. both ought to be connected and you need esteem chain and Customer benefits outline for the two Companies. Answer: Presentation Activity Management is a sort of organization that gives an elevated level of adequacy in an association. It manages the transformation of hardware and product into merchandise and ventures that can upgrade the development of the association (Fitzsimmons, Fitzsimmons and Bordoloi, 2008). The group dealing with the activity administrations is answerable for offsetting the expense with that of the benefits so the organization can create the most extreme measure of income. Activity the board is significant in the organization of First Focus that is situated in Australia and New Zealand. The organization gives IT items all through the nation. In any case, activity the executives is imperative to this organization since it is an inappropriate idea of the individuals that the activity the board is altogether founded on the assembling business however the specialist co-op additionally assumes a noteworthy job. The specialist co-op like that of First Focus deals with the necessities of the client just as getting the input on the administrations. CBP or the Customer advantage bundle shapes an indispensable piece of the activity the executives as it obviously characterizes the requirements and the fulfillment of the clients identified with the merchandise and the administrations (Goodman, Heick and Lazaro, 2017). This can be of genuine worth or of the evident worth that is controlled by the encounters of the client while managing the organization. The worth chain can be viewed as the arrangement of exercises that the organization Hewlett Packard is performing to convey important administrations to its clients in the nearby market (Kaplinsky, and Morris, 2001). It includes all the accomplishment, cash, work, gear and the administration that is engaged with this procedure. Activity system is the methodology that the organization uses to arrive at their ideal goals. With the improvement of the different techniques, an organization inspects different sorts of impacts and the productivity in its work by utilizing different sorts of assets, faculty and the procedure of work (Slack, 2015). First Focus is the shrewd elective Information Technology Company of Australia and New Zealand managing all the medium-sized business. The way of thinking of this organization is to give their customers and clients a worth based administrations and openness. The Herbert-Packard is an innovative partnership that has been separated into two sections in 2015 and came to be known as Hewlett Packard Enterprise that concentrations upon the item and administrations of the association while the HP Inc is the Hewlett-Packard is a PC and printer business association that fabricates different sorts of PCs and printers. Discoveries Here the item based organization is HP who creates or conveys electronic devices. This organization has some remuneration and advantages program for the clients particularly those clients won't endure or hamper (Bian and Moutinho, 2011). They are as follow:- The achievement of the HP is just founded on the fulfillment of the clients who are granted remarkable outcomes. There are different kinds of remunerations which are given to the clients is just founded on the exhibition of the people. The above conversation will be more clear by the accompanying outline:- Client advantage picture of HP (Bian and Moutinho, 2011.) Here the administrations gave by the First Focus IT industry. The First Focus is a savvy and diverse IT supplier for fundamentally fair measured business in Australia (Zhang, et. al., 2010). Their convictions are that they transport to their customer in a slick, stretchy, and esteem driven IT arrangements by blending in with the associations esteem interchanges and procedures with their customized office and duties. There is some pay and advantages program for the client which this organization has created for the administration clients. They are as per the following:- They give the reinforcement and recuperation of their clients and by this, they additionally gave great availability. They give Email security, IT counseling, IT security, Managed IT, server facilitating, capacity and so on. These can be found in the accompanying graph too:- Client advantage of First Focus (Slack, 2015) These two organizations Hewlett Packard which are item based organization and First Focus which is administration based the fundamental point of these organization is same is that they simply need to give the best support of the client and dont need to hamper the client. With this point, these organizations have a few contrasts that they gave their best support of the client in the distinctive manner (Subbaraj, 2011). One gives benefits in the item and other gave as administrations. The HP has their solid worth chain as this organization structured a decent item which is dependable in nature. Focal points of HP: The bit of leeway from this organization to their client is that the organization gives such great items and administrations that the client won't have any issue and issues in the coming future at any rate for a specific timeframe. Impediments of HP: The inconvenience is that the cost of the items is very high in correlation with different organizations, which is very difficult to purchase for poor people and the white collar class family. This contention can be depicted by the accompanying outline:- Worth chain of HP (Subbaraj, 2011) Topolins: The organization First Focus is additionally making an exceptionally long worth chain by giving best administrations to the client with the items. Favorable circumstances of First Focus Company: The benefits of this organization are that they are consistently with their clients when they need any assistance with the administration of their items (Rothaermel, 2001). This can be seen from the administrations which are talked about above. They offered best to their clients consistently. Hindrances of First Focus Company: Although there are a few impediments as well; that the value they charge against of their administrations is very high and practically incapable to tolerate for the average folks. The above contention can be examined by the accompanying graph:- Worth chain of First Focus (Kaplan and Norton, 2004). Investigation Business methodology of HP The US based organization Hewlett Packard has made certain procedures that will improve the development of the association (Nonaka, 2008). The methodology of the organization center after giving low costs items to its clients with an improvement in the field of innovation. The organization needs to upgrade its development with the point of improving its effectiveness and improving the nature of client administrations. Operational methodology of HP The methodology which is trailed by the HP Company is they simply need to make their benefit simply after the fulfillment of the client. The positive input from the clients is significant for them. What's more, by this, they develop themselves with the goal that they can accomplish their work in the more better manner and the client won't be feel cheated in that organization. Serious needs of HP The serious need of this HP Company is they need to glad their client in present and in future additionally (Sanders and Premus, 2002). They dont need to break the chain of their client. This is on the grounds that their need is to fulfill clients first. They put their net revenue in the subsequent stage. On the off chance that clients were cheerful, at that point the benefit will naturally increment. Business system of First Focus Company The First Focus Company gives a chance to the medium-sized business. The organization has the system of conveying its customer a rich, versatile and esteem based IT items with appropriate administrations and responsiveness. The organization has the technique of not concentrating on the innovation yet to concentrate on its clients. Operational Strategy of First Focus As the name of the organization proposes, it centers around the destinations and the necessities of the clients (Kaplan, and Norton, 2004). They need to sell their items with adequacy and with the technique for consumer loyalty. The operational technique of First Focus Company looks at the powerful utilization of the capital, representatives and the procedure of work. Serious needs of First Focus The serious need of this First Focus Company is helpful to the client. That is the reason the clients get pulled in there and in Australia, the individuals believed that this First Focus is the best specialist co-op organization in that nation (Krause, Pagell, and Curkovic, 2001). They get associated with their client in all cases identified with the administrations. They give the best administrations in light of the fact that the workers are gifted in their mediums Suggestions In this way it has been proposed to the First Focus Company that they from the outset attempt to meet the desires for the clients. They should offer their item to create benefits as well as to fulfill the requirements and needs of their clients. They should likewise attempt to open their branches to different parts and keep all the most recent and refreshed models of HP PCs and printers so the clients can have a reasonable alternative to pick with. End In this manner, it very well may be inferred that the development and accomplishment of an assembling association is connected with the specialist co-ops. As these are the chain framework and every individual must give its best at a specific level to upgrade the development of the organization. Consumer loyalty turns into the primary goal of both the specialist organizations and item producer. Subsequently, the Hewlett Packard Company must concentration after assembling its best of the item with a sensible cost and the First Focus Company will focus on expanding its units and number of branches with the best of administrations in all the pieces of Australia. Reference Fitzsimmons, J.A., Fitzsimmons, M.J. what's more, Bordoloi, S., 2008.Service administration: Operations, methodology, and data technology(p. 4). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Goodman, C.C., Heick, J. furthermore, Lazaro, R.T., 2017.Differential Diagnosis

Expectations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Desires - Essay Example The California Department of Education is liable for guaranteeing that schools stick to these gauges. The upside of all schools in a state to receive same guidelines is that when an understudy changes schools, they are as yet ensured great instruction because of similar measures in the state. Arithmetic and Science are the absolute most significant subjects in the educational plan. These subjects however expect understudies to have a more elevated level of fixation during the learning procedure, because of the idea of their ideas. Most schools in this way, put more accentuation on these with the goal that understudies perform similarly well in them, as in different subjects. Therefore, the national gathering of instructors of arithmetic (NCTM) has additionally set its norms and desires for schools in their exhibition in Mathematics. The science desires and standard by NCTM applies to the degrees of prekindergarten through evaluation 12. These desires are explicit to each review basin g on their educational plan. In any case, for the most part, this assortment of science educators expects that as an understudy experiences all the evaluations up to review 12, they ought to have aced all the significant ideas in arithmetic. Clench hand, understudies ought to be acceptable at numbers and tasks. This incorporates number frameworks, connection between numbers, which means of activities, and processing. In polynomial math, understudies must get examples, relations, and capacities. They ought to likewise have the option to dissect circumstances in arithmetic utilizing logarithmic images (â€Å"National Council of Teachers of Mathematics†). The geometry standard expects understudies to have the option to dissect the properties of geometric shapes and their connections. They ought to likewise be in a situation to apply balance to various scientific circumstances, and use picturing and geometry in critical thinking. In estimation, understudies must comprehend variou s estimations and apply them. For information investigation and likelihood, understudies must have the option to create addresses that can be settled with information assortment. Also, they ought to have the option to utilize right measurable strategy in information investigation. Generally speaking, NCTM expects that the arithmetic learning procedure ought to give critical thinking aptitudes in understudies and assist them with distinguishing thinking and confirmation as a significant perspective in science. The scientific procedure should likewise assist understudies with building up their correspondence, including numerical reasoning. Moreover, understudies must have the option to apply numerical standards outside of science. At last, the idea of portrayal should assist understudies with creating and decipher social, physical, and scientific marvels (â€Å"NCTM†). The National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) likewise has a lot of measures and desires for schools in the science subject. This expects the science program to give critical thinking aptitudes in understudies, to take care of issues in today’s logical world. Educators should in this manner, include understudies in direct logical encounters and use numerical and relational abilities in the learning procedure. Instructors must utilize diverse showing styles and permit class conversations with no type of separation. Utilization of hands-on trials to improve and create aptitudes in understudies, and cooperations in workshops and gatherings for logical information increase must be rehearsed (â€Å"National Science Teachers Association†). The school chairmen give instructional authority by implementing the national gauges of science,

Hotel or Restaurant in Boston Area - 825 Words

SWOT Analysis About a Hotel or Restaurant in Boston Area (Case Study Sample) Content: SWOT Analysis about the No.9 Park Restaurant in BostonName:Institution:SWOT Analysis about the No.9 Park Restaurant in BostonStrengthsThe No. 9 Park is well known for its mouth-watering dishes that are enjoyed within an impressive ambiance with the classic, brown booths and dark-wood floors. Its location within a historic Beacon Hill townhouse which provides it with a major strategic advantage as it is much easier for customers to access this elegant restaurant. The restaurant boasts of a very creative award-wining chef, Barbara Lynch, who uses local produce to prepare unique dishes. Through employing both French and Italian techniques in continuously recreate the original menu, the chef is able to provide the guests at the restaurant with exciting and delicious dishes that keep them coming back for more (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015).The entire staff of No. 9 Park is well trained and armed with extensive knowledge of every bottle on the beverage menu while the bar staff ar e trained on making arguably the best cocktail in the entire city. This gives the restaurant an upper hand in that it ensures that its customers receive exclusive world-class services from its entire staff (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015).Terrific view is also strength for the No.9 Park restaurant. As a trendy bistro situated on Beacon Hill, a table situated along the windows overseeing the Park Street will ensure the clients observe all the action taking place on the park and in the State House (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015).As a small restaurant, No. 9 Park is an ideal location for intimate diners (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015). The overwhelming support of the servers coupled with Boston Common view, nice ambiance, and the tasty, creative menu makes lovers relax and completely enjoy their romance.WeaknessesDespite it not being a five-star restaurant, No. 9 Park is quite expensive and even appears in the list of the most expensive restaurants in Boston City. This is a disadvantage as it tends to turn away some of the low income tourists and fun lovers who are on a tight budget (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015).Another weakness of this restaurant is the limited table occupancy level. No. 9 Park only has 18 candle tables, which greatly inhibits them from maximizing on their earnings and profits. Its limited seat-capacity also raises the issue of locking out many customers who may have the interest of dining in the restaurant but unfortunately, may have been late in making reservations (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015).No. 9 Parkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Menu does not include a wide array of exotic cuisines. The restaurant only does the American, French and Italian cuisines, leaving out such big ethnic groups as Spanish, Chinese, and Japanese (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015).OpportunitiesNo. 9 Park should be able to embrace the comeback of business lunches given the popularity of individual and corporate business lunches. The restaurant should emulate the likes of Bristol Lounge, whose tables are often filled by people in suits updating each other on matters concerning the boardroom, a group planning a networking event within the city, or a couple of entrepreneurs sealing a business deal (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015).Another opportunity that No. 9 Park should take advantage of is the rising population in Boston. This city is regarded as the most expensive real estate market nationwide with a potential market for the 2,461 condos, apartments, and homes permitted from January to June of 2015, nearly half of which can be categorized as either in the being affordable housing category for residents of low income (Adams, 2015). These occupants will require restaurant facilities for their evening dinners, night outs, and dates, and No. 9 Park should seek to serve this population.Furthermore, the Boston Mayor Martin J. Walsh announced that the City had received a $3 million grant from the Obama Government as a shot to the arm to increase apprenticeship and internship opportunities in the most thriving hospital ity and construction industries through the Mayorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Workforce Development office (Adams, 2015). No. 9 Park can take advantage of this opportunity to attract as many gifted and talented apprentices as possible. Therefore, it would improve the quality of the service personnel and the efficiency of its service delivery.ThreatsNo. 9 Park faces stiff competition from Menton restaurant, which is rated among the most upscale and recognized in the Barbara Lynch Gruppo. Among its strengths is the fact that it managed to attract the Top Chef winner Kristen Kish who was given the head chef position. Moreover, in the entire Boston City, there is no other Five-Star restaurant listed in the Forbes Travel Guide apart from Menton (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015). The hotel is known to be a prix five only, meaning that it has a four-course option in addition to the expansive chefà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s testing menu. Another restaurant that is a threat to No. 9 Park is O Ya is since it is the undisputed Japan ese cuisine restaurant in Boston and maybe in the entire country as rated by James Beard.The ever growing number of coffee shops throughout the city that offer a convenient option for conversations is another major threat to No. 9 Park. The "Little Italy" is lined with a sizeable number of cafes competing to provide the best cappuccino. When it comes to Romance, the Moo restaurant at XV Beacon offers a very nice dinner ambiance with the gold-toned and candle light with a wine list as well as some rare vintages (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015). Bristol Lounge is also another romantic restaurant with a rear restaurant window table overlooking Boston. The Rialto also offers a superb view of the Harvard Square.Another possible threat is the approved six month construction plan of over $ 1 billion housing units at an estimated budget of $1.65 billion mainly targeting low cost housing with over 43% of the total units being non-luxury (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015). Although this move would provide a re lief to Bostonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s middle and low income earning residents, it would do more harm than good to the hotel industry since apart from the fact that most occupants will not afford to dine in such expensive restaurants as No. 9 Park, the housing project may also develop an insecure and untidy environment that might t... Hotel or Restaurant in Boston Area - 825 Words SWOT Analysis About a Hotel or Restaurant in Boston Area (Case Study Sample) Content: SWOT Analysis about the No.9 Park Restaurant in BostonName:Institution:SWOT Analysis about the No.9 Park Restaurant in BostonStrengthsThe No. 9 Park is well known for its mouth-watering dishes that are enjoyed within an impressive ambiance with the classic, brown booths and dark-wood floors. Its location within a historic Beacon Hill townhouse which provides it with a major strategic advantage as it is much easier for customers to access this elegant restaurant. The restaurant boasts of a very creative award-wining chef, Barbara Lynch, who uses local produce to prepare unique dishes. Through employing both French and Italian techniques in continuously recreate the original menu, the chef is able to provide the guests at the restaurant with exciting and delicious dishes that keep them coming back for more (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015).The entire staff of No. 9 Park is well trained and armed with extensive knowledge of every bottle on the beverage menu while the bar staff ar e trained on making arguably the best cocktail in the entire city. This gives the restaurant an upper hand in that it ensures that its customers receive exclusive world-class services from its entire staff (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015).Terrific view is also strength for the No.9 Park restaurant. As a trendy bistro situated on Beacon Hill, a table situated along the windows overseeing the Park Street will ensure the clients observe all the action taking place on the park and in the State House (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015).As a small restaurant, No. 9 Park is an ideal location for intimate diners (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015). The overwhelming support of the servers coupled with Boston Common view, nice ambiance, and the tasty, creative menu makes lovers relax and completely enjoy their romance.WeaknessesDespite it not being a five-star restaurant, No. 9 Park is quite expensive and even appears in the list of the most expensive restaurants in Boston City. This is a disadvantage as it tends to turn away some of the low income tourists and fun lovers who are on a tight budget (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015).Another weakness of this restaurant is the limited table occupancy level. No. 9 Park only has 18 candle tables, which greatly inhibits them from maximizing on their earnings and profits. Its limited seat-capacity also raises the issue of locking out many customers who may have the interest of dining in the restaurant but unfortunately, may have been late in making reservations (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015).No. 9 Parkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Menu does not include a wide array of exotic cuisines. The restaurant only does the American, French and Italian cuisines, leaving out such big ethnic groups as Spanish, Chinese, and Japanese (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015).OpportunitiesNo. 9 Park should be able to embrace the comeback of business lunches given the popularity of individual and corporate business lunches. The restaurant should emulate the likes of Bristol Lounge, whose tables are often filled by people in suits updating each other on matters concerning the boardroom, a group planning a networking event within the city, or a couple of entrepreneurs sealing a business deal (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015).Another opportunity that No. 9 Park should take advantage of is the rising population in Boston. This city is regarded as the most expensive real estate market nationwide with a potential market for the 2,461 condos, apartments, and homes permitted from January to June of 2015, nearly half of which can be categorized as either in the being affordable housing category for residents of low income (Adams, 2015). These occupants will require restaurant facilities for their evening dinners, night outs, and dates, and No. 9 Park should seek to serve this population.Furthermore, the Boston Mayor Martin J. Walsh announced that the City had received a $3 million grant from the Obama Government as a shot to the arm to increase apprenticeship and internship opportunities in the most thriving hospital ity and construction industries through the Mayorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Workforce Development office (Adams, 2015). No. 9 Park can take advantage of this opportunity to attract as many gifted and talented apprentices as possible. Therefore, it would improve the quality of the service personnel and the efficiency of its service delivery.ThreatsNo. 9 Park faces stiff competition from Menton restaurant, which is rated among the most upscale and recognized in the Barbara Lynch Gruppo. Among its strengths is the fact that it managed to attract the Top Chef winner Kristen Kish who was given the head chef position. Moreover, in the entire Boston City, there is no other Five-Star restaurant listed in the Forbes Travel Guide apart from Menton (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015). The hotel is known to be a prix five only, meaning that it has a four-course option in addition to the expansive chefà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s testing menu. Another restaurant that is a threat to No. 9 Park is O Ya is since it is the undisputed Japan ese cuisine restaurant in Boston and maybe in the entire country as rated by James Beard.The ever growing number of coffee shops throughout the city that offer a convenient option for conversations is another major threat to No. 9 Park. The "Little Italy" is lined with a sizeable number of cafes competing to provide the best cappuccino. When it comes to Romance, the Moo restaurant at XV Beacon offers a very nice dinner ambiance with the gold-toned and candle light with a wine list as well as some rare vintages (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015). Bristol Lounge is also another romantic restaurant with a rear restaurant window table overlooking Boston. The Rialto also offers a superb view of the Harvard Square.Another possible threat is the approved six month construction plan of over $ 1 billion housing units at an estimated budget of $1.65 billion mainly targeting low cost housing with over 43% of the total units being non-luxury (Kaitlin Melanie, 2015). Although this move would provide a re lief to Bostonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s middle and low income earning residents, it would do more harm than good to the hotel industry since apart from the fact that most occupants will not afford to dine in such expensive restaurants as No. 9 Park, the housing project may also develop an insecure and untidy environment that might t...

Research Paper Help Online - How To Use Research Paper Help Online To Help You Get Your Work Done In The Classroom

Research Paper Help Online - How To Use Research Paper Help Online To Help You Get Your Work Done In The ClassroomMany students who have been forced to turn to research paper help online are in desperate need of some assistance with their assignments. These students have been turned down by their professors because they did not meet the required grade, and they have been in a bind because they cannot afford to buy a real book or the course materials.It is definitely a good idea to get help with your assignments from someone who has studied the subject matter. But most students cannot afford the cost of the book, so they will have to learn how to use the Internet to their advantage. Let's take a look at the ways that you can use research paper help online to your advantage.First, the professor will give you a grade if you are accepted into the course. This is not to say that your homework must be perfect, but you should at least be accepted into the course.Second, if you do not have t he book or course materials that you need, you can buy it. Many people are getting assistance with these things by buying e-books or by paying online for the course material. If you purchase the book or course materials, it would save you money.Third, you can also use research paper help online to help you get your essay on track. Although you may only need a small portion of your essay, there are many people who only have enough time for one section.If you need a little help on a small amount of your essay, you can ask your professors if they have any further information about the essay and your essay is not part of the course syllabus. If they can recommend someone else to look into your essay, this is an excellent way to get your essay done.School doesn't have to be stressful. If you can find the right help, you can get your work completed on time.

The Things They Carried By Tim O Brien - 994 Words

Life can come to a stop sometimes when a person is weighed down by burdens. For some people it may be too difficult to live in the present while constantly thinking about the past and because of this are unable to move on. These can be burdens that they have been carrying for a long time or even recently. In the short story, â€Å"The Things They Carried,†Tim O’Brien uses symbolism, ambiguity, and a non-linear narrative structure to illustrate emotional burdens. The concept of symbolism is used by O’Brien to portray the different emotional burdens the soldiers are feeling. These symbols are mainly items that the characters carry with them while performing their tasks. One symbol that really stood out is the character Henry Dobbins and the personal item he carried. O’Brien states, â€Å"Henry Dobbins carried his girlfriend’s pantyhose wrapped around his neck as a comforter† (349). The intimates are referred to as a â€Å"comforter† whic h can be interpreted to mean that the article of clothing is providing warmth to Dobbins. I imagine him wearing the piece like a scarf to protect him from the war. He’s reminded of his old life with his girlfriend before being drafted for the war. Dobbins is having a sense of longing, and because of this feeling he is going to be occupied, mentally, about this emotion and it will distract him from his duties. Another symbol that caught my attention are the items that Lieutenant Jimmy Cross carried with him, the obvious items being the letters from MarthaShow MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Vietnam War was a long, exhausting, and traumatic experience for all of the soldiers and those who came with them. The Things They Carried, by Tim O Brien illustrates the different affects the war had on a variety of people: Jacqueline Navarra Rhoads, a former nurse during the Vietnam war, demonstrates these effects within her own memoir in th e book, The Forgotten Veterans. Both sources exemplify many tribulations, while sharing a common thread of suffering from mental unpredictability. DesensitizationRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1377 Words   |  6 Pageslove to have it as good as we do. Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried discusses many veterans who experience the burden of shame and guilt daily due to their heroic actions taken during the Vietnam War. The book shows you how such a war can change a man before, during, and after it’s over.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I reflect on the many conflicts America has been a part of, none can compare to the tragedies that occurred in The Vietnam war. As told in The Things They Carried (O’Brien), characters such as NormanRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthe theme pertains to everyone regardless of their background. It conveys the same ideas to people from all across our society. Lastly, a classic is timeless, which means it has transcended the time in which it was written. In Tim O’Brien’s novel, The Things They Carried, he offers a new, intriguing way to view war or just life in general and also meets all of the crucial requirements mentioned above to qualify it as a book of literary canon. Though this book is technically a war novel, many peopleRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1242 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Tim O’Brien is obsessed with telling a true war story. O Brien s fiction about the Vietnam experience suggest, lies not in realistic depictions or definitive accounts. As O’Brien argues, absolute occurrence is irrelevant because a true war story does not depend upon that kind of truth. Mary Ann’s induction into genuine experience is clearly destructive as well as empowering† (p.12) Tim O’s text, The Things they Carried, details his uses of word choice to portray his tone and bias. Tim O’BrienRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1169 Words   |  5 Pagesbut are set in the past and borrows things from that time period. A story that fits this genre of literature is The Things They Carried. The story is about Tim O Brien, a Vietnam veteran from the Unite States, who tells stories about what had happ ened when he and his team were stationed in Vietnam. He also talks about what he felt about the war when he was drafted and what he tried to do to avoid going to fight in Vietnam. The Things They Carried by Tim O Brien was precise with its portrayal of settingRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1004 Words   |  5 Pages Tim O’Brien is a veteran from of the Vietnam War, and after coming home from his duty he decided to be a writer. His work â€Å"The Things They Carried† is about a group of soldiers that are fighting in the Vietnam War. The first part of the story talks mostly about physical items that each soldier carries, and also mentions the weight of the items as well. Though, there is one exception to the list of physical things. Lieutenant Cross is a character of the story, and Tim O’ Brien quickly states theRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien896 Words   |  4 PagesTrouble without a doubt is what First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross c arried around his shoulders because he was out in war, where mistakes happen. Lost and unknown of his surroundings he had to lead his men into safety, while destroying anything they found. First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross only holds onto one thing for hope and that is Martha, the woman who he hopes is a virgin to come back to. Tim O’ Brien introduces symbolism by adding a character that has a meaning of purity and a pebble, which symbolizesRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesSummary: â€Å"By and large they carried these things inside, maintaining the masks of composure† (21). In Tim O’brien’s The Things They Carried, the American soldiers of the Vietnam War carry much more than the weight of their equipment, much more than souvenirs or good-luck charms or letters from home. They carried within themselves the intransitive burdens—of fear, of cowardice, of love, of loneliness, of anger, of confusion. Most of all, they carry the truth of what happened to them in the war—aRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1369 Words   |  6 PagesMany authors use storytelling as a vehicle to convey the immortality of past selves and those who have passed to not only in their piece of literature but in their life as an author. In Tim O’Brien’s work of fiction The Things They Carried, through his final chapter â€Å"The Lives of the Dead,† O Brien conveys that writing is a matter of survival since, the powers of s torytelling can ensure the immortality of all those who were significant in his life. Through their immortality, O’Brien has the abilityRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1407 Words   |  6 Pages       Our introduction stated that in â€Å"The Things They Carried,† author Tim O’Brien tells us not directly of the soldiers of Vietnam, or the situations they find themselves in, but about the things they carry on their shoulders and in their pockets. These â€Å"things† identify the characters and bring them to life.   I find that to be true as the author unfolds the stories about war and the uncommon things one carries in to war both inadvertently and on purpose.  Ã‚  Ã‚  As it was noted: Stories about war –

Lord Of The Flies Symbolism Essay - 2025 Words

Oftentimes authors will use symbolism through the characters in order to represent a larger encompassing theme. William Golding’s book Lord of the Flies is no exception to this pattern—as various characters in the book have such allegorical meanings. In the case of Jack, he could be said to represent the evilness in humanity, proven by three established concepts in the story: the true nature of his hunting tendencies, the progression of events that happen in his dancing rituals, and his interactions towards other symbolic figures. These three reasons, furthered by evidence shown throughout the novel, fit Jack into a role of symbolic evilness (add something here). The first example of Jack’s evil nature appears very early on in the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The madness came into his eyes again. ‘I thought I might kill.’†(Golding, page 51). If Jack were hunting exclusively for the purpose of food, his inner â€Å"compulsion to killâ €  as stated by the author would not exist to begin with. In fact, this statement appears to suggest the opposite—that his inner compulsion to kill is some kind of inner need rather than just an innocent venture to acquire food for the rest of the boys. Therefore, due to the wording of the author from the quote on page 51 as an addition to the quote on page 31 (which can be surmised as foreshadowing of evil) it provides the basis of Jack’s hunting proving him a symbol of evil. From page 134 onwards, this relationship is further solidified by the following few quotes: â€Å"A little apart from the rest, sunk in deep maternal bliss, lay the largest sow of the lot. She was black and pink, and the great bladder of her belly was fringed with a row of piglets†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (page 134), â€Å"She blundered into a tree†¦ could follow her easily by the vivid drops of blood. †¦and the hunters followed†¦ excited by the long chase and the dropped blood.†(p age 135), and â€Å"Jack held up the head and jammed the soft throat with the pointed end which pierced through into the mouth (Golding, page 136 and 137). The first detail on page 134 indicates the pig they have their sights on is a mother of a few piglets. QuiteShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies Symbolism Essay726 Words   |  3 Pagesalways refer to their morals to make decisions. Sanity is lost without referring to your morals. In Lord of the Flies, a group of young boys crashes onto an uninhabited island without adult supervision. The boys are faced with challenges that they must overcome in order to escape. To be rescued, they must work together and elect a leader to govern the group. In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, Golding uses characters and symbols in order to explain the change in humans when morals are forgottenRead MoreLord Of The Flies Symbolism Essay814 Words   |  4 Pages The Dangers Within Masks are oftentimes used as a technique to hide one’s identity. In the novel, Lord of the Flies, the author William Golding, explains an the journey of a group of boys and the discoveries of their inner savages. These boys are isolated from the adult world after their plane crashes onto an island, presumably caused by the world war that was occurring. The children have to manage themselves and form their own rules and civilization. EventuallyRead MoreSymbolism In Lord Of The Flies Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesIn Lord of the Flies by William Golding, young boys face troubles when their plane gets shot down and leaves them stranded with no adults on a deserted island. The boys must learn to govern themselves and attempt to get rescued as quickly as possible. With the blow of a conch, all of the boys unify; with the destruction of the conch, the boys separate and turn evil. The conch serves as a symbol of civilization and order; without it, it becomes human nature to turn into a savage. As Ralph, a youngRead MoreSymbolism In Lord Of The Flies Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pages William Golding kills off everything important to survival and by this he means that the world is doomed. So many significant objects are broken by the end of the book, The Lord of the Flies by William Golding, which is a novel about a bunch of inexperienced boys being trapped together on an island and are forced to find means of survival. There are a lot of symbols in this book that all represent the only way they can survive. Each symbol represents a piece of the world and how it functions. WithoutRead MoreLord Of The Flies Symbolism Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesLord of the Flies Essay â€Å"Maybe there is a beast†¦ maybe its only us.†(Golding [Page 50]) The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, is a novel that goes much deeper than a group of 12 year old boys stranded on an island. Throughout the book Golding portrays symbols and constant themes which show how he feels about the human race; that there is an inner beast inside everyone and no matter who you are, it will eventually get exposed. Golding also shows symbols throughout the book which represent theRead MoreLord Of The Flies Mask Symbolism Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesSymbols in literature are like the Earth, there are multiple layers until you get to the core meaning. In the novel, The Lord of the Flies, William Golding, utilizes symbols in order to get his deeper meaning across. In a novel about boys isolated on an island during the time period of World War II, Golding shows the outcomes of what isolation can have on a group of people. While trying to get these messages across, the au thor uses symbols as an aid These symbols range from strength, hope, andRead MoreLord Of The Flies Fire Symbolism Essay813 Words   |  4 Pagesan intrinsic relationship with the spirit it represents. A fire radiates heat and light to create an impression of power and liveliness. The vivacious flames are always dancing in different patterns, but maintain a degree of constancy. In the Lord of the Flies, fire is a prominent symbol of Ralph’s hopeful spirit throughout the series of events on the island. Fire’s recurring appearances throughout the novels demonstrates that there is always hope in all situations regardless of the amount of resourcesRead More Symbolism in Lord of the Flies by Golding Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism - Throughout the novel, Lord of the Flies, Golding uses many images and symbols to portray evil and destruction. Symbolism Throughout the novel, Lord of the Flies, Golding uses many images and symbols to portray evil and destruction. One of the main symbols is the beast, and it destroys the relationships of the boys and is the main symbol of evil. The conch on the other hand, is the symbol of good, and represents the pure side of the boys. There are also many symbols whichRead MoreEssay about Symbolism in Lord of the Flies2983 Words   |  12 PagesSymbolism in Lord of the Flies The story, Lord of the Flies, has many interesting symbols relating adult society to kids surviving on an island. Many of the characters and items in this novel such as Jack or the conch can be interpreted on a macroscopic scale but the most important being this; a microcosm of children on an island makes a Read MoreEssay on Symbolism in Lord of the Flies, by William Golding912 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in Lord of the Flies, by William Golding In his classic novel, Lord of the Flies, William Golding uses many elements of symbolism to help the readers gain a greater understanding of his message. Symbolism can be anything, a person, place, or thing, used to portray something beyond its self. It is used to represent or foreshadow the conclusion of the story. As one reads this novel, he or she will begin to recognize the way basic civilization is slowly stripped away from the boys as conflict

Compare and Contrast the Work of Harlow and Skinner Essay

Compare and contrast the approaches of Skinner and Harlow to investigating influences on behaviour. This essay will cover a wide range of material to identify, compare and contrast the work of Harry Harlow and Burrhus Frederick Skinner. Harlow and Skinner did research and investigated the influences on behaviour; this essay will draw upon both investigations. Further into the essay it will identify some similarities and differences into both researches with a supported argument about the importance and implications of both studies. The essay will then conclude with a conclusion on the findings. Behaviour can be describes in many forms and ways. According to the dictionary ‘Behaviour is the manner in which one behaves, the actions†¦show more content†¦Further into the research when the terry cloth surrogate got taken out of the cage the monkeys would become highly distressed. The findings of Harlow’s research proved that Bowlbys contention was right, the infant parent bond was based on inmate tendencies and not cupboard love, as when the surrogate mother was pl aced in the cage with no milk the babies would still be attached. Harlow’s study and research went on for 20 years in which the experiments took on a disturbing unethical approach. He started breeding monkeys and keeping them in separate cages with no visual or physical access to the outside world, ‘when the isolation-reared monkeys grew up, they developed into highly socially disturbed adults† (Discovering Psychology, chapter 5, pg. 209). Influenced by human attachment to abusive parents Harlow wanted to find out if an abusive surrogate would break the attachment, a nasty surrogate mum was used and a blast of cold air from the surrogate was used, violent enough to throw the baby monkey against the bars of the cage. ‘Despite this abuse, the baby monkeys continued to cling and maintain proximity to their monstrously abusive surrogate mother’ (DiscoveringShow MoreRelatedEssay about A Comparison of Two Schools of Psychology1007 Words   |  5 PagesA Co mparison of Two Schools of Psychology There are many different schools of psychology, each have their own views and they all look at psychology from different perspectives. I am going to outline six perspectives and then compare and contrast two schools. The biological perspective and major figures such as Karl Lashley looks to the body to explain the mind, they look at hormones, genes, the brain, and the central nervous system to explain the way we think, Read MoreThe Success Of A Restaurant Business3521 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction 4 1. Organizational structure and culture 4 1.1 Compare and contrast of organizational structure and culture 4 1.2 Impact of organizational structure and culture on performance of the organization 6 1.3 Factors influencing individuals behavior and work 6 2. Different approaches to management and leadership 7 2.1. Leadership style in different organization 7 2.2. How theoretical work of F. W. Taylor underpins the practice of management 8 2.3. DifferentRead MorePsychology14463 Words   |  58 Pagesinformation processing capability) versus qualitative differences (perhaps, for example, in ambition, or in the inclination and ability to construct symbolic meaning)? Such questions are not easy to answer, but it is also the case that most of our work in psychology has not been designed to address them. To pursue this line of thinking a bit further nevertheless, it is easy to distinguish a human from other animals based on physical appearance. Bipedal and relatively hairless would seem to do itRead MorePoe V. Leonard11106 Words   |  45 Pagesthe guidelines of the Connecticut Department of Public Safety Administration amp; Operations Manual applicable to Captain  Leonard  as a commanding officer read as follows: 2.4.3b.(4) Command personnel shall delegate authority and shall supervise the work of subordinates closely, holding frequent conferences to guide and direct activities. . . . . . 2.4.3b.(10) Command personnel shall monitor the proper use of discretion by subordinates, ensuring that department personnel adhere to and abide by theRead MorePsy 244 Essay10464 Words   |  42 PagesImmanuel Kant 1724-1804) ïÆ'  Nurture (environmentalism): emphasizes effects of experience on a passive mind; likens mind to â€Å"empty slate†; knowledge is based on experience; no innate ideas (John Locke 1632-1704) ïÆ'  Gene-environment interaction: genes never work in isolation, but always in combination with environmental influences 5. The English philosopher John Locke described the childs mind as a tabula rasa. He was referring to its initial quality, or state. What did he mean? ïÆ'  Blank slate; knowledgeRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesBenson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. 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From a revenue recognition perspective, revenue is recognized as the inventory is manufactured or acquired. b. Cost basis accounting for inventory is due to lack of ideal conditions. Then, inventory markets may not work well. If so, Samuelson’s (1965) demonstration does not apply. As a result, market value requires estimation

Theory of Cognitive Development and Children - 1854 Words

Discuss the concept of ‘constructivism’ (from Piaget’s theory of cognitive development). Use a mix of theory and research to back up your ideas about whether or not the child constructs his/her own development. The understanding of how children comprehend the world around them has been a highly researched part of cognitive development in Psychology. Jean Piaget was one of the first researchers to develop a theory suggesting that children understand the world around them by actively seeking information from their environment, and continuously expanding their knowledge by organizing, adapting and assimilating this information Berlin, (1992). Piaget’s theory known as constructivism theory, has undergone a high level of scrutiny, centring†¦show more content†¦The failure to reach the correct location Piaget explains as egocentrism clamming that at this stage children fail to see the situation in a different point of view thinking that because the object was placed in the first location that that object would permanently be there, Piaget, J. amp; Inhelder, B. (1969). Testing Piaget’s A-not-B theory Kaufman and Needham (1999) tested 40 six and a half month infants. Using h abituation technique they concluded that infants looked longer when the objects were moved. Contrary to Piaget’s findings, they suggested that infant special orientation development happens at much earlier age, arguing that Piaget underestimated infant ability. The second and third stage Piaget proposed are the preoperational and concrete stage at this stage children understand object permanence (that objects continue to exist even though they cannot see them) , spatial layouts and also the use of language for problem solving starts during the preoperational stage through constructing existing information and eventually expanding this information. However until the age of seven children still see the world from their egocentric view (i.e. refusing to see the world from a different point of view). At the concrete stage children are able to solve visual problems such as lining in order dolls from the tallest to the shortest, however they are not able to solve mentalShow MoreRelatedTheory of Cognitive Development and Children1466 Words   |  6 PagesPiaget s Theory of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget was born on August9, 1896, in the French speaking part of Switzerland. At an early age he developed an interest in biology, and by the time he had graduated from high school he had already published a number of papers. After marrying in 1923, he had three children, whom he studied from infancy. Piaget is best known for organizing cognitive development into a series of stages- the levels of development corresponding too infancy, childhoodRead MoreTheories on Human Learning and Cognitive Development in Young Children755 Words   |  4 PagesLearning is the keystone to American society. It has brought society trough times of economic darkness, religious revival and social instability. Learning has always been debated in the context of when does the learning start in human development, Is learning the result of nature taking its course as was argued by rationalist like Plato and Rene Descartes. According to (BeeBoyd, 2007) Rationalist view point on education is entrenched in the idea that ( â€Å"knowledge is inborn†). 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Jean Piaget s theory was shaped through the thinking and understanding of how knowledge is built through a series of four stages; preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational and concrete operational. He believed that the development was with the child themselves. On the contrary, Lev Vygotsky s theory is shaped through adult social interactionsRead MorePiaget s Stage Theory Account For Children s Cognitive Development1759 Words   |  8 Pageswell does Piaget’s stage theory acc ount for children’s cognitive development? Intro Piaget believed there were four stages in a child’s cognitive development and sub stages within these stages. These stages have been the object of debate since Piaget introduced them and are still continuously debated. All of the stages are very concrete and large scale. They don’t account for children at a particular age who are behind or ahead. Piaget underestimated the capability of children to do particular thingsRead MoreCompare and contrast Piaget‚Äà ´s and Vygotsky‚Äà ´s theories of cognitive development in children1274 Words   |  6 PagesVygotsky’s theories of cognitive development in children. This essay will compare Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories of cognitive development in children. Also, show the differences between the two psychologist’s theories. Thus, by showing their similarities like in language and adaptation theories. Further, differences like Piaget’s theory on cognitive developmental stages and the schemas which are build to learn or accommodate new words or things. Vygostky’s theory differs to Piaget’s theory by hisRead MoreHow Does Piaget s Stage Theory Account For Children s Cognitive Development?1576 Words   |  7 PagesHow does Piaget’s stage theory account for children’s cognitive development? Jean Piaget (1896-1980) had a stage theory about cognitive development and how it works with children. There are 4 stages to this theory; sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. Piaget emphasised that they occur in this order. (Smith, Cowie, Blades, 2015, p. 446). He considered the fact that the way child’s mind develops, intellectually, is a continuous process of Assimilation and AccommodationRead MoreVygotsky s Theory And Development Of Higher Mental Functions898 Words   |  4 PagesIn Vygotsky’s theory, children have two basic kinds of functions or mental processes that Vygotsky entitled lower mental functions, and higher mental functions. Lower mental functions are defined as their natural way of learning or innate ways that one would respond to their environment. Higher mental functions are defined as a more complex way of thinking or processing. In Vygotsky’s view, the potential for acquiring lower mental functions is b iologically built in, but society and culture are criticalRead MorePiaget vs. Vygotsky1120 Words   |  5 PagesThe theory of cognitive development is defined as the development of the ability to think and reason. There are many theorists who have studied cognitive theories and the most famous is Jean Piaget. Cognitive development covers the physical and emotional stages of a child. The basic premise for cognitive development is to show the different stages of the development of a child so you can understand where the child might be in their development. Understanding cognitive development will betterRead MoreSocio Cultural Theory And Piaget s Cognitive Development Theory1493 Words   |  6 PagesThe two theorists that I have chosen to compare are Vygotsky for his work on the socio-cultural theory and Piaget’s Cognitive Development theory. The socio-cultural theory focuses on how norms, culture, beliefs and values are passed onto the next generation in a society (Berk, 2007). Piaget was the first psychologist to study cognitive development and described his work as genetic epistemology. He was concerned with how essential concepts such as the idea of time, numbers, justice etc. arose (Siegler

National Boundaries Make Little Geographical or Economic Sense Nowadays free essay sample

National boundaries have long been in place in human history, with the main intention of using them to control or restrict movement of people, commodities, capital or information into or out of a country. However, as the world steps into the 21st century and becomes more globalised and interconnected, many start to wonder if the power that the state once held is now diminished by the forces of globalisation. Some even question the significance of national borders in today’s world as they become increasingly permeable due to intensified world-wide connections and time- space compression. In order to judge if this claim is true, several key factors have to be taken into consideration. Do time-space compression and technological advancement inevitably bring about effects that weaken the position of a state geographically and economically? Do supranational bodies such as the United Nations and ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) play a part in blurring the need for such borders? Will national pride and government control override all these other factors, invalidating the claim that national boundaries are no longer essential? After much consideration and deliberation, I strongly believe that the importance of national borders has been diminished to a large extent but there are other factors such as national security that will still uphold the significance of having national boundaries. With the emerging force of globalisation, countries all around the world have grown to be more independent, consequently resulting in an inevitable increase in economic integration via trade, foreign investments and immigration. Statistics from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development have confirmed this phenomenon: foreign direct investment, for example, grew by an average annual rate of 34 percent in the 1980s and early 1990s. This trend continued throughout the 1990s, facilitated by the pervasive tendency towards the removal of barriers to capital flows. Also in 2004, a total of US$47881 million flowed seamlessly around Asian countries as foreign direct investment. Furthermore, the number of multinational companies outsourcing and off shoring has also been sky-rocketing over these years. Evidently, the dramatic increase in the scale and reach such companies and transnational flows of capital have undermined the ability of the state to regulate economic activities across borders over the past three decades. On the other hand, from a geographical point of view, time-space shrinking technologies and modernisation in transportation have allowed the easy movement of people from one country to another. Technology has shortened travel time from months to just mere hours and this has inevitably resulted in the increased mobility of people. A simple illustration would be the brain-drain problem faced by Singapore. It is not uncommon to hear people at all levels of the Singapore society complain about the outward flow of talents to global cities such as New York and London. With so much freedom and choice provided for immigration, people who were originally citizens of one country can easily switch nationalities or even take up multiple permanent residencies, resulting in national boundaries losing their geographical importance. Besides having a homogenising economic impact on the world, globalisation has also brought about the establishment of supranational bodies, thus affecting states politically. More often than not, such supranational institutions are often blamed for eroding the traditional sovereign authority of the world’s approximately two hundred states. Such bodies like the International Monetary Fund and World Bank have aggravated the problem that borders no longer function as parameters in which citizenship rights are exercised. The democratic principles which assume that citizens participate in the decisions which affect their lives, and that governments are accountable to those they govern, are increasingly difficult to sustain in circumstances where so many decisions affecting a state and its population occur beyond its borders. A perfect example would be the Structural Adjustment Programmes initiated by the IMF. The conditionality attached to these programmes is a clear example of policies within the borders of a state being decisively influenced by an outside agency, over which citizens have no rights. The increased internationalisation of political decision-making in supranational forums only magnifies this de facto loss of citizenship rights, creating a sharp disjuncture between the principles and practices of democratic, state-based citizenship, which will in turn result in a devastating geographical impact on a country. Champions of the opposite camp often assert that national borders still have a great influence geographically and economically today, especially when a country is dealing with its national security or identity. An example would be the â€Å"Total Defence Scheme† carried out by various nations like Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark and Singapore to deal with external threats like terrorism and economic crises. In Sweden, this system comprises mainly military and civil defence to defend Sweden against armed attacks and strengthen the Swedish society in times of severe peacetime emergencies. National identity and pride can also be demonstrated even more clearly in territorial disputes and this can be epitomised through the twenty nine-year dispute between Malaysia and Singapore over Pedra Branca. The amount of resources and manpower spent on such disputes undoubtedly prove that national borders are far from trivial. Although this may seem to be an irrefutable claim, these critics fail to see that such disputes over national borders are merely dealt by government agencies and they have little effect on society itself. Moreover, critics may also argue that government intervention can have significant control over cashless transactions made between countries. In order to protect a country’s own economy, governments may impose tariffs on other countries or even go to the extreme of enforcing trade embargos. Such an assertion may be true but it overlooks the glaring fact of the rising power of trading blocs. With about thirty trading blocs today, the power of the state has been greatly crippled. For example, the establishment of the North American Free Trade Agreement between USA, Canada and Mexico and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Free Trade Agreement (ASEAN FTA) have eliminated trade barriers and increased borderless investment opportunities between these countries. The fact that ASEAN FTA has generated a combined Gross Domestic Product growth of 5. % annually since 2004 signifies that such borderless transactions are now starting to be in favour. Moreover, besides affecting countries economically, trading blocs such as the European Union have also changed the geographical dynamics of a country as countries in the EU are now politically integrated, following the same system of governance. All in all, it is obvious that the significance that national boundaries once held is starting to deteriorate gradually overtime as countries progress towards a more integrated world. However it may be incorrect to hastily conclude that that the strength of state borders is now decreasing as the world heads towards globalisation since there are still aspects where national boundaries are highly essential like in the case of national security. Nonetheless I can say with no fear of contradiction that in the long run, the position and authority of national boundaries may be threatened by globalisation, thereby causing national borders to have little geographical or economic sense in the future.

Impact of Technology on Marketing for Environment -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theImpact of Technology on Marketing Resarch for Environment. Answer: Introduction Technology is being used by every company with a motive to enhance its performance and deal with the increasing competition in the business environment. ResMarket Pty is a marketing research firm based in Sydney and is focusing on providing quality marketing research services to its customers. It has adopted various technologies for executing the marketing research activities. For enhancing its performance and gaining a competitive advantage over the competitors, it is planning to adopt new technologies. Adopting new technologies will increase the cost of the company as well as may not result in the desired outcomes. These technologies need to be analysed in an effective manner for drawing a decision regarding the technologies ResMarket Pty should use. Impact of technology on marketing research in the present business environment Marketing research activities are being used by the researchers for the analysis of the opportunities available in the business environment for the company. There has been a continuous development of the technology used by the companies for enhancing their performance. Different technologies are used by different companies for conducting their marketing research activities (Alghamdi Bach, 2014). ResMarket Pty is planning to adopt new technologies which will it in providing better quality services to its clients and contributing towards its performance. These technologies include data analytics, marketing automation, social media, virtual reality research tool, customer relationship management and search engine marketing (Bulut, 2013). Data analytics is used for the purpose of analysing the set of data for evaluating the results which are stored in those set of data. Marketing automation is an innovative technology which is used for the extraction of the values of customer engagement. This helps in the analysis of the traffic towards the business. Social media platforms are widely used as a marketing research technology which is cost effective and helps in covering a large market (Shaqiri, 2015). Social media platforms have provided better insights of the market. ResMarket Pty can use this technology for interacting with the targeted market of the clients for gaining a better understanding of the opportunities and threats available in the market (Bulut, 2013). Virtual reality research tool is a cost effective technology which has resulted in conducting the marketing research activities in a better manner by developing deeper knowledge regarding the targeted market of the company. It is a simulation which has been g enerated with the help of computers. This technology can help ResMarket Pty interacting with the real world with the help of three-dimensional environments (Hollebeek Skard, 2017). Customer relationship management is an effective technology which is being used by companies for managing and analysing the interactions of the company with its customers and potential customers. This technology will help ResMarket Pty in providing better results to the clients regarding their interactions with the customers (Masocha1, et. al., 2011). Search engine marketing is a form of internet marketing which is used for the promotion of the websites of the organisations for attracting the visitors towards the website and increasing the traffic. All these technologies are widely used by the firms providing marketing research services. ResMarket Pty can use these technologies for ensuring higher satisfaction level among the clients (Krasnikov Jayachandran, 2008). Benefits of adopting new technologies to ResMarket Pty Technology is creating a huge impact on the manner in which companies are carrying out their marketing research activities. These technologies help in analysing the opportunities and problems present in the business environment. Technology has acted as driving force which is creating an impact on the manner in which organisations are conducting their operations. The focus of ResMarket Pty is on using innovative and effective technologies for meeting the expectations of the customers. Different innovative technologies have been analysed by ResMarket Pty for deciding which technologies it can apply for conducting marketing research activities for the clients in a better way. Adopting innovative technology will enhance the reputation of the company in the market. These technologies can be used for executing marketing research activities in an effective and efficient manner (Salai Ã… ½nideri?, 2011). There are various benefits of using these technologies. These technologies will help in reducing the cost, time and efforts involved in the marketing research activities. ResMarket Pty will be able to focus on the issues faced by the client in a better manner and providing better solutions to them. The motive behind executing market research activities is to collect data related to the trends of the market, opportunities available and threats present in the business environment for clients. These technologies will help in meeting the needs and expectations of the client in a better manner and will provide growth opportunities. It is vital to establish a healthy relationship with clients and this can be done with the help of innovative technologies (Attih Adams, 2014). Conclusion Thus, from the above discussion, it is vital for every company to analyse the trend of the market for analysing the chances of survival and growth in the dynamic business environment. ResMarket Pty is in dilemma regarding the technologies it should use for conducting marketing research activities for the clients and providing effective results to the clients. This report has discussed different technologies which are being used for conducting marketing research activities. These technologies include virtual Reality research tool, marketing automation, social media, data analytics, search engine marketing and customer relationship management. All these technologies reduce the cost and efforts of the company as well as provide a competitive advantage to the company. References Alghamdi, S. Bach, C., 2014, Technological Factors to Improve Performance of Marketing Strategy, University of Bridgeport, Bridgpeort, CT, USA. Attih, O. B. Adams, D. A., 2014, The Role Of Information Technology In Marketing Research In Nigeria, Scientific Research Journal (SCIRJ), Volume 2, Issue 7. Bulut, Z. A., 2013, The Impact Of Marketing Research Activities On Marketing Performance In Textile Companies: A Study In Denizli, Int. Journal of Management Economics and Business, Vol. 9, No. 19. Hollebeek, L. D. Skard, S., 2017, Virtual Reality Marketing: Conceptualization, Theoretical Framework Research Propositions, NHH. Krasnikov, A. Jayachandran, S., 2008, The Relative Impact of Marketing, Research-and-Development, and Operations Capabilities on Firm Performance, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 1-11. Masocha1, R., Chiliya, N. Zindiye, S., 2011, The impact of technology on competitive marketing by banks: A case study approach, African Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 3(3), pp. 68-77. Salai, S. Ã… ½nideri?, R. K., 2011, Marketing Research in the Contemporary Consumer Environment, Management Information Systems, Vol. 6. Shaqiri, A. B., 2015, Impact of Information Technology and Internet in Businesses, Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences, Vol. 1, No 1.

A College Essay is Cancerous - Read This Before You Write One

A College Essay is Cancerous - Read This Before You Write OneCollege essay writing is one of the most dreaded aspects of college but also one of the easiest things you can get wrong. I'm sure that you've read a lot of essays by others that are almost as terrible as yours. This is because many students and teachers don't understand the basic concept of college essay writing - what's needed and what's simply worthless drivel.First off, let's start by defining the term 'college essay.' Essays are written to present a single idea in a structured way and at a certain rate of paragraph, line, or page. This essay is called an essay for a reason, so don't worry that it's too formal and needs a title - if it does, then you might want to rethink your approach.The first thing you must understand about college essay writing is that it is a generalization of all types of literature and essays, including literary, memoir, and any type of non-fiction material that present an argument or convey a me aning. It is not so much about literary or creative writing - this is different. It is more about the sheer quality of the writing. Writing an essay is like performing surgery; it is more about creativity and original thought than about the technical expertise of the particular method used to write the piece.Cancer is another word for cancerous cells. When writing an essay, do not use cancerous or cancer-related phrases. And make sure that your essay is not only focused on this one word - no matter how subtle it may be.You must provide the reader with your main points through the introduction, body, and conclusion of your essay. The introduction should introduce yourself and what you are trying to say. The body of your essay will provide an introduction to your ideas and maybe an exposition of some supporting facts, but mostly, the body is about presenting your main points. This might mean giving you pointers, perhaps in the form of a 'case study' or a narrative, or telling you abou t a specific incident that makes you think about the issue in your essay.You should never miss the point, though, especially in the beginning of your essay because it is often very easy to get lost in a mass of words. Use precise sentences and sentence structure.Cancerous ideas and information are worthless and irrelevant information. It's no different from telling a victim of cancer to 'watch what you eat.' That is a literal statement and you should avoid saying it. That's only going to incite even more anger towards you, especially if you happen to be a cancer survivor.Once you have listed all of your supporting facts, you are all set for that well-deserved 'cancer' from your audience. The conclusion of your essay is where you put down your final thoughts. If you are writing a college essay, it might be best to write it separately rather than include it in the body of your main argument. You are going to be writing this essay until the day you graduate, so be as concise as possibl e.

The purpose of this assignment is to compare stomatal densities of the upper and lower epidermis of a leaf Essay Example

The purpose of this assignment is to compare stomatal densities of the upper and lower epidermis of a leaf Essay This assignment of stomata is also relevant to my AS biology course as stomata is a key factor in transpiration of plants, and transpiration and the transport of water is a major section of the syllabus. This assignment will therefore help me to understand why transpiration occurs and how the stomata affect it as stomatas activity is related to the rate of transpiration.It is said that in general, the greater the number of stomata per unit area, the greater the rate stomatal transpiration, however distribution and densities are also important.Stomata are pores in the epidermis layer, which is found in the mesophyll spongy layer of the leaf. They are found mainly in leaves, but also in stems.There are two main functions of stomata1. To allow gaseous exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the inside of a leaf and the surrounding atmosphere When the stomata are open, carbon dioxide diffuses into the sub-stomata air chambers and then into the intercellular spaces between mesophyl l cells. When it comes into contact with the wet surface of a cell it goes into solution and diffuses into the cytoplasm. Oxygen travels via the same route but the opposite way.2. To permit the escape of water vapour from the leaf this is the evaporation of water vapour from spaces in the mesophyll cells of the leaf otherwise known as transpiration.The diagram below shows a vertical section through a stoma.Each stoma is bordered with two semicircular guard cells whose movements due to changes in water content, control the size of the stomata by changes in their turgidity.If water is drawn into the guard cells by osmosis the cells expand and their turgidity is increased. . But they do not expand uniformly in all directions. The thick, inelastic inner wall makes them bend. The result is that the inner walls of the two guard cells draw apart from each other and the pore opens creating the stoma. Stomata and changes in turgidity can be seen very clearly under an electron microscope. (A diagram of stomata under an electron microscope is presented later on in the assignment)As noted before stomata activity affects the rate of transpiration, but now more specifically, it is the turgidity of stomata determines is the main cause of transpiration. It is thought that in normal circumstances when a stoma opens the turgidity of the guard cells is increased by their taking up water from the surrounding epidermal cells but it is also know that the turgidity of the stomata is also affected by external factors of the particular environment, such as light, wind, and humidity.During the day stomata tend to be open, this is because the guard cells of the stoma become flaccid to light. This is important as it allows gaseous change of carbon dioxide and oxygen to take place for photosynthesis of the plant. This can be investigated by means of a perometer, an instrument for measuring the resistance to the flow of air through a leaf. If you attach a perometer to a leaf and take meas urements of its resistance to airflow at intervals, you will find that there is a generally less resistance during daylight hours than at night. This is because the stomata open during the day and close at night.For wind, in still air, a highly saturated air shield builds up around the stoma. Air movement will sweep this layer away, which decreases the humidity of the stomata therefore increasing transpiration also a xeromorphic feature of some leaves is the presence of sunken stomata, the stomata grooves into the epidermis which then a high humidity can build up inside the stoma and reduce transpiration rates. An increase in temperature also has an effect as the guard cells become more flaccid thus increasing the capacity of the stoma therefore increasing transpiration rates.A main factor that affects the distribution and densities of stomata is the type of plant. There are two main types of plants, monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous.Monocotyledonous (monocot) or more modern lilii dae, have leaves that have parallel veins and therefore do not grow to a large size. Also their leaves are held vertically rather than horizontally, which affect where the stomata is distributed and thus the densities, leafs of a moncotylic nature therefore have equal stomatal densities on both upper and lower epidermis.Dicotyledonous (dicot) otherwise known as magnoliidae, has branched veins and therefore can grow very large leafs. Their leaves grow horizontally and as a result most or all of the stomata are found on the lower epidermis. This is because of the cuticle found on the upper epidermis. If there was no cuticle, stomata wouldnt be necessary as gaseous exchange would be much more efficient, however, then transpiration could not be controlled. This is because a waxy cuticle reduces water loss but further control is exercised by stomata. It is estimated that about 90% of the water absorbed by the roots of the plant is lost by the leaves in transpiration.An example of a monoc ot leaf is one of a maize plant. On the table below this monocot plant is compared to a dicot leaf- an oak tree leaf.Upper epidermisLower epidermisOak leaf- dicot045000Maize leaf- monocot52006800You can clearly see that the monocot leaf has similar stomatal densities and the dicot has contrasting results.The leaf I will be studying is a dicotyledonous type so based on all of my research I predict that there will be a greater number of stomata on the lower epidermis of my leaf.The plan:The aim of this investigation is to try and count the number of stomata on both sides of the leaf and then compare the results, therefore a method has to be devised to try and view the number of stomata. Viewing a leaf under a light microscope does not allow the number of stomata to be counted, as this microscope is not powerful enough. Therefore an alternative would be to get an imprint of the leaf. This can be done by painting the upper and lower leaf with clear nail varnish and then this imprint of the stomata can be seen and counted under the light microscope.FAIR TESTTo make this experiment a fair test, I will conduct the experiment on different areas on both sides of the leaf to see if this affects the density of stomata. Also four different people will count the number of stomata, so to get an unbiased number and then to calculate an average.The stomata in the field of view will only be counted, to ensure everyone is counting the same surface area. The same magnification of x 400 (high power) will be used when viewing under the microscope.The apparatus used included:- Nail varnish- A leaf- 2 glass slides and cover slips- A light microscope- TwistersMETHOD Using the eyepiece graticule.To do this, you need to have a scale (graticule) in position in your eyepiece, so that it can be seen when you look down the microscope. The scales are usually on small circular pieces of glass or acetate.1. To insert the graticule scale in your eyepiece, remove the eyepiece lens from the mic roscope and carefully unscrew the top lens.2. If you look down into the lens body, you will see a ledge running round the sides about half way down, drop the scale into the lens body so that it rests on the ledge. Then replace the lens. N.B it doesnt matter if the scale is upside down but if it annoys you then unscrew the lens again and turn the scale over.3. When you look through the microscope, you should see the scale overlying your specimen.4. To calibrate the scale, you need to use a stage micrometer. This can be a special slide with a scale engraved on it. It usually consists of a scale 1cm long, which is divided into 100 units, each of which is 0.1mm (100 um) there is an extended line every 10th unit.To calibrate the eyepiece scale1. Place the stage micrometer on the microscope stage and hold it down with the clips.2. Using the eyepiece lens with the scale in, look through the microscope and focus it so you see both scales clearly. This is usually easier if you focus your eye on the eyepiece scale and adjust the microscope so the stage comes into focus as well.3. Move the stage micrometer carefully so that the starting units of the two scales. Note down the number of divisions along each of the two scales that this represents as these represents 1 division on the eyepiece scale.4. The equation for this is:1 division on the eyepiece scale =No. Of coincided divisions X No. of divisions on the scale micrometer scaleX 10Number of divisions on the eyepiece graticule scaleAt x100 and x400 magnification the lines on the scale will have a definite thickness. It is important to measure from one side of one scale mark to the same side of the next coinciding mark.All my procedures of stomata count were done on high power therefore 1 division on the eyepiece scale = 3.5 um.When you measure another specimen, you will already have the calibration figures so all you have to do is count how many eyepiece scale divisions your specimen covers, and multiply that by the ca libration factor for tat objective lens.Method for determining stomatal density1. Apply nail varnish onto a section of the leaf2. Allow 2 minutes for nail varnish to dry and gently peel off varnish with twisters, bringing the varnish, which has an imprint of the surface of the leaf. Nail varnish was used instead of cello tape to gather an imprint because as the varnish is liquid it can mould and fill every space around the stomata on the surface, therefore creating an accurate and clear imprint to show. Cello tape might not fill every space therefore missing out stomata, which results in an incorrect perception of the stomata densities.3. Place the peeled nail varnish onto a slide with the imprint side up, add 1 drop of water and apply cover slip on top.Then the stomata are ready to be calculated.RESULTSEyepiece graticule calibration calculations.I found that 3.5 micrometers coincided with every graticule division to give 1 division of the eyepiece graticule. To calculate one divisi on on the eyepiece scale I followed to following equation:Therefore if I followed the equation:Field or areaStomata count of 4 peopleAverage117, 17, 20, 1817 + 17 + 20 + 18 / 4= 18211, 11, 11, 1211320, 19, 19, 2020Total average stomata count18, 11, 20 / 316RESULTS OF STOMATA DENSITY COUNTS. My groups results.Lower epidermis stomata count.Field or areaStomata count of 4 peopleAverage10, 0, 0, 00 + 0 + 0 + 0 / 4= 020, 0, 0, 0030, 0, 0, 00Total average stomata count0, 0, 0, / 30Upper epidermis stomata count.Now the average stomata count of both sides of the leaf have been calculated, I can now calculate the stomata density as numbers of stomata per cm2.To do this I first needed to calculate the area of the field view in cm2.This answer will then be used in the calculation of the radii of the field of view to calculate stomata per cm2.CALCULATIONS OF STOMATAL DENSITY AS NUMBERS OF STOMATA / CMà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½The formulae to calculating the area of acircle isr = 45 x 3.5r = 157.51000r = 0.15 7510= 0.01575? X (0.01575) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½= 0.000779310.0007793= 1283.21283.2 x =After I calculated how many stomata per cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ where in my field of view, I gathered the calculated results from the other groups constructed a table.GroupNo. Of stomata per cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ on the upper epidermisNo. Of stomata per cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ on the lower epidermis113537958Mine020, 5313010, 266442811, 5495021, 1736054057245815, 641807699921656561053221, 814AVERAGE49912, 769The graph below shows the comparison of the average upper and lower epidermis data for the whole 10 groups.The graphs below show my results for the comparison of stomata per cm2.The Chi squared test.This is a simple statistical test, which looks at the difference between observed and expected values as data and then relates them to a probability level. This makes it possible to identify how likely it is that the values are significantly different or similar.The formula for the chi squared test is as follows:The ? is the Gree k O is the observed valueletter Chi. E is the expected valueThe top part of the formula for ?à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ considers the size of the difference between the observed and expected values. This difference could be either positive or negative. To avoid the mathematical problems associated with negative values, the difference is squared.The bottom part of the formula relates the size of the difference to the magnitude of the number involved. The sigma ? sum symbol is required because there is not just one pair of observed and expected values but several (in this case 2)From background research, I found out that the expected values of percentage stomata densities for the upper and lower epidermis on a monocot leaf is:Upper 7%Lower 93%My observed values wereUpper 4% 499/ (total) 13268 x 100 = 3.8% to nearest integer 4%Lower 96% 12769/ 13268 x 100 = 96.2% = 96%UpperLowerE = 700O = 499E = 9300O = 12769O E = -201O E = 3469(O E) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 40401(O E) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =12033961(O E) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 40401=E 700= 57.71(O E) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 12033961=E 9300= 1293.97? = 57.71 + 1293.97 = 1351.69?à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 1351.69There is one more thing that needs to be added to the chi squared test, which is the degree of freedom.This relates a critical value to your chi squared values to show if there is a significant difference in the densities of stomata on the upper and lower epidermis or if it was just by chance.The degree of freedom is calculated = the number of categories minus oneIn this case it is 2 1 = 1.The critical value at one degree of freedom according to a standard calculated table of chi squared results is 3.84.If your chi ?à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ value is greater than or equal to the critical value then there is a significant difference between the observed and expected values.As you can see my chi ?à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ value is way above the critical value so there is a significant difference between my observed and expected values.The diagram below shows an image of stomata.From the book of where I received this image I measured the stomata to be 11 mm long. To calculate the magnification of this image youSize of image / actual size= X100DISCUSSIONThe conclusions I can gather from my results are that there is a higher percentage density of stomata on the lower epidermis and on the higher epidermis. You can see from my graphs that the lower epidermis had a density of 12769 stomata/cm2, which contained 96% of the stomata counted and the upper had a density of 499 stomata/cm2 , which contained 4% of all the stomata counted. This therefore proves my prediction correct.These results have also proved biological significance based on my research in the introduction. My results have proven that with a monocot leaf there is a higher stomata density percentage on the lower epidermis as these leaves are horizontally held and not vertically, a cuticle would have formed on the upper epidermis. This would affect the stomata density, as the main function of stomata gaseo us exchange, would be disturbed by the cuticle, so the stomata are located on the lower epidermis to prevent excessive water loss, as they have no waxy cuticle to protect them, also monocot leaves are relatively thin so the exchange of CO2 and O2 can occur relatively quickly and easily through the stomata of the lower epidermis.The sources of error in my investigation could have been:The micrometer scale took a lot of time to focus on the eye, and kept on disappearing so it was hard to take an accurate measurement of anything underneath the microscope, also the scales can be badly and easily scratched making taking accurate measurements difficult.I would perform tests on leaves of which I know the name of so I can do background research of the leaf so I can make a precise prediction of stomata densities.Different people counted the number of stomata an error could have occurred if someone did not know what stomata looked like or became subjective on if or they did not look in the s ame field of view. To try and overcome this error everyone was shown what stomata looked like before the investigation.Although magnification was kept constant someone may have adjusted it. When peeling the nail varnish, it was difficult to peel it off completely with the twisters and was a chance of mixing up slides.Another similar experiment, which could be carried out, is using cobalt thiocyanate. In the anhydrous state cobalt thiocyanate is blue, but when hydrated it turns pink. A piece of cobalt thiocyanate paper is placed on each side of a leaf and sandwiched between two glass slides clamped together, and then a stop watch is to measure the time it takes for the cobalt thiocyanate to go pink as this indicates that water has escaped out of the leaf which would be through the stomata. The time varies in which the colour change takes place depending on the temperature and humidity. Generally at room temperature the pink colour develops more rapidly on the lower epidermis of the l eaf than upper surface, the reason being there are more stomata placed on the lower epidermis.Further investigations to do with the topic are to carry out tests on a greater variation of leaves, of different shapes, sizes, thickness and leaves (maybe dicot leaves) from different habitats to see what affect this would have on the densities of stomata on a leaf.