Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming Essay

The average global temperature has risen about 0.50C in the stretch out century, and scientists expect another increase of 1 to 40C in the next 100 years due to change magnitude pollution in our atmosphere.Greenhouse Effect* Greenhouse mishandlees allow the passage of incoming solar short-wavelength ray but absorb some of the reflected infrared radiation and reradiate it back to the Earths surface.* Energy is wherefore reradiated in the trim down atmosphere causing an increase in temperature and climatic change. Hence, contributing to global warming.http//www.wwnorton.com/college/ chemical science/gilbert2/contents/ch09/studyplan.aspGreenhouse Gases1. Water (H2O)2. Carbon dioxide (CO2)3. Methane (CH4)4. Nitrous oxide (N2O)5. CFCs6. Ozone (O3)Greenhouse Gas SourcesGreenhouse Gas clement SourcesNatural SourcesWater1.Combustion of hydrocarbons1.Evaporation of oceans and lakesCarbon dioxideBurning of-1.Fossil fuels2. Forest fires3. Wood4. Waste.1.Respiration.2.Decay of organic ma tter.3.Natural forest firesMethane1.Cattle farming2.Rice paddies3.Petroleum4.Natural gas productionDecay of organic matter-1.Swamps2.MarshesNitrous oxide1.Use of nitrogen based fertilizers.2.Combustion of biomass.1.Bacterial ActionCFCs1.Refrigerants2.PropellantsOzone1.Secondary pollutant in photochemical smogsGreenhouse Gas EffectsGreenhouse gas effects depend on both their concentration (abundance) in the atmosphere and on their ability to absorb heat radiation.However, each molecule has its make type of bond, they each absorb at slightly different frequencies and wavelengths.GasHeat trapping strong point compared with CO2Overall contribution to increased global warming.Water0.11%Carbon dioxide150%Methane3018%Nitrous oxide1506%CFCs200012%Ozone10,000 25,00014%1. Water= has the most over all contribution to global warming as it has a high concentration.2. Carbon dioxide= is the most important color house gas as contributes 50% to global warming and has second largest concentrati on.3. CFCs= are thousands of times give at absorbing heat/ infrared radiation than CO2 BUT they realize a lower concentration hence, their effect is limited to 14%.Greenhouse effect is determined by* Concentration of chemical* Lifespan of chemical.* Ability to absorb infrared radiation* Intensity of absorption* Number of wavelengths absorbed depends on the molecules bonds.Atmospheric Window Region = is the region within the spectrum through which radiation can escape.ExampleMethane and CFCs have a greater greenhouse factor than CO2 and H2O because they absorb in the atmospheric windowpane region.CFC fills this window.Methane is 30x more effective in its green house effect as it has 4 C-H bonds, which means it can absorb more at a certain frequency.Influence of Gases on spherical Warming1. Increase in temperature by about 0.5 degree.2. Increase in precipitation3. Rise in sea levels- melting of glaciers/ ice caps/ thermal expansion of water4. Changes in crop yields5. More heartbr eaking droughts6. More floods and storms7. Changes in distribution of pathogens and insects (e.g. malaria).Influence of Particulates on Temperature1. Particulates= volcanic dust.2. It scatters and reflects incoming sunlight (UV and visible) so less(prenominal) solar radiation can enter the atmosphere.3. It lowers atmospheric temperature as provides condensation nuclei around which water particles boil down to form clouds reducing solar heating.4. Volcanic eruptions & forest fires- increases number of particulates.